Kugawa molingana ndi njira yopangira, njira yosungira komanso chinyezi ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya za ziweto.

Malinga ndi njirayi, chakudya chikhoza kugawidwa kukhala chakudya chowuma cha ziweto, zakudya zam'chitini komanso zakudya zonyowa za ziweto.Njira ina ndikuyika chakudyacho molingana ndi mtundu wake komanso kachitidwe ka malonda pamsika.Chakudya cha ziweto chikhoza kugawidwa kukhala chakudya chodziwika bwino cha ziweto komanso zakudya zodziwika bwino za ziweto.

chakudya chouma cha ziweto

Chakudya chofala kwambiri cha ziweto zomwe eni ziweto amagula ndi chakudya chouma cha ziweto.Zakudya izi zimakhala ndi 6% mpaka 12% chinyezi ndi> 88% youma.

Grits, masikono, ufa, ndi zakudya zotukuka zonse ndi zakudya zowuma za ziweto, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zodzitukumula (extruded).Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya zowuma za ziweto ndi zakudya zamapuloteni zomwe zimachokera ku zomera ndi zinyama, monga corn gluten meal, soya, nkhuku ndi nyama ndi zakudya zawo, komanso zakudya zomanga thupi zatsopano.Magwero a chakudya chamafuta ndi mbewu zomwe sizinasinthidwe kapena zopangira mbewu monga chimanga, tirigu ndi mpunga;magwero a mafuta ndi mafuta a nyama kapena masamba mafuta.

Kuonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho chimakhala chofanana komanso chokwanira panthawi yosakaniza, mavitamini ndi mchere akhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yosakaniza.Zakudya zambiri zamasiku ano zowuma ziweto zimakonzedwa ndi extrusion.Extrusion ndi njira yanthawi yomweyo yotentha kwambiri yomwe imaphika, kuumba ndi kutulutsa njere pamene ikupanga gelatinizing mapuloteni.Kutentha kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi zotsatira za kukula ndi gelatinization wowuma mutatha kupanga ndizo zabwino kwambiri.Kuonjezera apo, chithandizo cha kutentha kwapamwamba chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.The extruded zakudya ndiye zouma, utakhazikika ndi mmatumba.Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi zinthu zawo zowuma kapena zowonongeka zamadzimadzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakufuna kuti chakudyacho chikhale chokoma.

Njira yopangira mabisiketi a galu ndi ma grits amphaka ndi agalu imafuna njira yophika.Izi zimaphatikizapo kusakaniza zosakaniza zonse pamodzi kuti apange mtanda wofanana, womwe umaphika.Popanga mabisiketi a ziweto, mtandawo ukhoza kupangidwa kapena kudulidwa mu mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna, ndipo mabisiketi ophikidwa amakhala ngati makeke kapena crackers.Popanga chakudya cha mphaka ndi agalu, ogwira ntchito amayala mtandawo pa poto yaikulu yophikira, kuuphika, kuuphwanya m’tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono ukazizila, n’kuunyamula.

Zakudya zowuma za ziweto zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zakudya, kapangidwe kake, njira zopangira, komanso mawonekedwe.Zomwe amafanana ndizoti madzi amakhala ochepa, koma mapuloteni amasiyana 12% mpaka 30%;ndipo mafuta ali 6% mpaka 25%.Magawo monga zopangira, kuchuluka kwa michere ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ziyenera kuganiziridwa powunika zakudya zosiyanasiyana zowuma.

chakudya cha ziweto chonyowa pang'ono

Kutchuka kwa chakudya cha ziweto zonyowa pang'ono kwatsika m'zaka zaposachedwa.Chinyezi chazakudyazi ndi 15% mpaka 30%, ndipo zopangira zazikulu ndi nyama zatsopano kapena zozizira, mbewu, mafuta ndi shuga wosavuta.Zimakhala zofewa kuposa zakudya zowuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka kwa nyama komanso zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta.Monga zakudya zowuma, zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi chinyezi zimatulutsidwa panthawi yokonza.

Kutengera kapangidwe kazosakaniza, chakudyacho chimatha kutenthedwa chisanachitike extrusion.Palinso zofunika zina zapadera zopangira chakudya chonyowa pang'ono.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi muzakudya zonyowa pang'ono, zinthu zina ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zisawonongeke.

Kukonza chinyontho chomwe chili muzinthuzo kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mabakiteriya kuti akule, shuga, madzi a chimanga ndi mchere amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha ziweto zonyowa.Zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi zonyowa zazing'ono zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri wosavuta, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zisamamveke bwino komanso zizikhala bwino.Zosungirako monga potaziyamu sorbate zimalepheretsa kukula kwa yisiti ndi nkhungu motero zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezereka kwa mankhwalawa.Ma asidi ang'onoang'ono amatha kutsitsa pH ya mankhwalawa komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa kukula kwa bakiteriya.Chifukwa fungo la chakudya chonyowa pang'ono nthawi zambiri limakhala laling'ono kuposa lazakudya zamzitini, ndipo kuyika pawokha ndikosavuta, kumakondedwa ndi eni ziweto.

Chakudya cha ziweto chonyowa pang'ono sichifuna firiji musanatsegule ndipo chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.Poyerekeza kulemera kwa chinthu chouma, mtengo wa zakudya zonyowa nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa zakudya zouma ndi zamzitini.

Zakudya zam'chitini za ziweto

Njira yowotchera ndi njira yophika yotentha kwambiri.Zopangira zosiyanasiyana zimasakanizidwa, zophikidwa ndi kupakidwa muzitsulo zotentha zazitsulo zokhala ndi zivindikiro ndikuphika pa 110-132 ° C kwa mphindi 15-25 malingana ndi mtundu wa chitini ndi chidebe.Chakudya cham'zitini chimasunga 84% ya chinyezi chake.Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zam'chitini zikhale zokoma kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zokopa kwa ogula omwe amadyetsa ziweto zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, komanso zodula chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya chakudya cha ziweto zam'chitini: imodzi yomwe imapereka zakudya zopatsa thanzi pamtengo wokwanira;chinacho chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chazakudya kapena pazifukwa zachipatala zokha monga nyama yam'chitini kapena nyama yopangidwa ndi nyama.Zakudya zam'chitini zamtengo wapatali, zokhazikika bwino zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga nyama yowonda, nkhuku kapena nsomba zomwe zimangotulutsidwa kumene, njere, zomanga thupi zamasamba, ndi mavitamini ndi mchere;zina zitha kukhala ndi mtundu umodzi kapena iwiri yokha ya nyama yowonda kapena zopangidwa ndi nyama, ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera za vitamini ndi mchere kuti zitsimikizire chakudya chokwanira.Gulu lachiwiri lazakudya zamzitini nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamzitini zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, koma mulibe mavitamini kapena mchere.Chakudyachi sichinapangidwe kuti chipereke chakudya chokwanira ndipo chimapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera pamtengo wamtengo wapatali, zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena zachipatala.